Primordial Stuff We would like to measure the relative amounts of the different nuclei as they were immediately after nucleosynthesis occurred: During the plasma phase they remain unchanged... ... The CMB decouples at 300,000 years but the nuclei don't care... ... Then stars and galaxies start to form: Stars are nuclear furnaces which burn one element into another... Where can we find some material which has not been subjected to any "stellar re-processing"?... Best way - study the depths of inter-galactic space in the adolescent Universe using Quasars as a back-light!